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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

Improving antitumor T cells.

Caitlin C Zebley^1,2, Ben Youngblood²

¹Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 10, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Disrupting cell cycle regulators can overcome anticancer T cell dysfunction. Targeting these regulators can restore the ability of T cells to fight cancer.

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Published on: December 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cancer Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Anticancer T cells can become dysfunctional, hindering effective cancer immunotherapy.
Cell cycle regulators play a critical role in T cell function and proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if targeting cell cycle regulators can restore anticancer T cell function.
To explore novel strategies for enhancing T cell-mediated cancer immunity.

Main Methods:

Utilized genetic and pharmacological approaches to disrupt specific cell cycle regulators in T cells.
Assessed T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxic activity against tumor cells.
Analyzed the impact of cell cycle disruption on the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

Disruption of key cell cycle regulators successfully restored effector functions in dysfunctional anticancer T cells.
Enhanced T cell proliferation and cytotoxic capacity were observed post-intervention.
Targeting cell cycle regulators led to improved tumor control in preclinical models.

Conclusions:

Modulating cell cycle regulators represents a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome T cell dysfunction in cancer.
This approach holds potential for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.