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Related Experiment Video

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Group polarization calls for group-level brain communication.

Yingying Hou1, Dingning Zhang1, Xiaorong Gan1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.

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|November 10, 2022
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Summary

Group decision-making shifts towards extremes, a phenomenon known as group polarization. This study reveals enhanced inter-brain synchronization in specific brain regions drives both risky and cautious shifts, impacting emotional and cognitive processes.

Keywords:
Brain deactivation HyperscanningGroup polarizationInter-brain synchronizationfNIRS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Decision Sciences

Background:

  • Group decision-making often leads to more extreme choices than individual decisions, a phenomenon termed group polarization.
  • Previous research identified risky and cautious shifts but lacked insight into the underlying neural mechanisms of group decision-making.
  • Understanding how collective brain activity influences these shifts is crucial for comprehending group dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural basis of group polarization by examining averaged inter-brain synchronization (ABS) during group versus individual decision-making.
  • To differentiate the neural correlates of risky shift and cautious shift.
  • To explore the relationship between brain synchronization, decision extremity, and emotional states.

Main Methods:

  • Participants made decisions individually and in triads under conditions designed to elicit risky and cautious shifts.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure brain activity and compute averaged inter-brain synchronization (ABS) between participants.
  • Machine learning was employed to analyze the predictive power of ABS on the extent of group polarization.

Main Results:

  • Group polarization, for both risky and cautious shifts, was associated with enhanced ABS in bilateral prefrontal areas and the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ).
  • TPJ ABS predicted the degree of group polarization and negatively correlated with negative emotions across both shift types.
  • Right prefrontal ABS was higher in risky shifts, accompanied by greater brain deactivation, suggesting reduced executive control during riskier group decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Group polarization necessitates inter-brain communication at the group level, with distinct neural patterns for risky and cautious shifts.
  • The left TPJ plays a critical role in mediating group polarization, irrespective of the shift direction.
  • Risky shifts involve heightened brain synchronization alongside reduced executive control and emotional regulation compared to cautious shifts.