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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

618
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
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T cell aging as a risk factor for autoimmunity.

Qingxiang Liu1, Yanyan Zheng2, Jorg J Goronzy3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.

Journal of Autoimmunity
|November 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune aging impairs T cell function, increasing susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Restoring T cell health offers new therapeutic avenues for age-related immune dysfunction.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseGiant cell arteritisImmune agingInflammagingRheumatoid arthritisT cell aging

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Immune aging compromises host defense against cancer and infections, and impairs tissue repair.
  • Autoimmune diseases often manifest later in life, challenging traditional views of adaptive immunity.
  • T cells undergo significant genetic, epigenetic, and functional changes with age, impacting immune homeostasis.

Approach:

  • Reviewing recent advancements in understanding T cell aging in humans.
  • Examining the link between T cell aging and the development of autoimmune conditions.
  • Highlighting T cell aging as a risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell arteritis.

Key Points:

  • Aging T cells exhibit altered genetic/epigenetic profiles, reduced mitochondrial function, and impaired proteostasis.
  • These age-related T cell defects shift their function from host protection to host injury.
  • T cell aging is a critical determinant in prototypic autoimmune syndromes.

Conclusions:

  • T cell aging contributes to susceptibility to autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
  • Restoring the functional integrity of aging T cells presents novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding T cell aging opens new avenues for treating age-related immune disorders.