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Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind
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Towards a Virtual Fencing System: Training Domestic Sheep Using Audio Stimuli.

Natasa Kleanthous1, Abir Hussain2,3, Jennifer Sneddon4

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virtual fencing (VF) systems use audio cues to manage livestock, replacing controversial electric shocks. This study found that unaided audio stimuli effectively controlled sheep behavior, achieving an 89.88% success rate in virtual fencing trials.

Keywords:
animal behaviouraudio stimulisheep responsevirtual fence

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Agricultural Technology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Conventional livestock fencing requires significant labor and limits flexibility.
  • Virtual fencing (VF) systems offer a promising alternative for animal containment and management.
  • Current VF systems often rely on audio cues followed by electric shocks, which face ethical and regulatory challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of using only audio stimuli for training and managing animal behavior in a virtual fencing context.
  • To assess the effectiveness of different audio frequencies and white noise in deterring sheep from entering restricted areas.
  • To evaluate the potential of unaided audio cues as a humane alternative in virtual fencing for sheep.

Main Methods:

  • Seven Hebridean ewes were subjected to two trials over one year.
  • Audio cues (125 Hz - 17 kHz) were deployed to prevent ewes from accessing a restricted area with or without a feed bowl.
  • Animal approaches to the restricted zone were video recorded, and sound signals were activated accordingly.

Main Results:

  • Unaided audio stimuli, including white noise and specific frequencies (125-440 Hz, 10-17 kHz), successfully discouraged sheep from entering the designated area.
  • An overall success rate of 89.88% was achieved in deterring animal entry.
  • Specific frequency ranges showed high efficacy: white noise (92.28%), 10-14 kHz (89.13%), 15-17 kHz (88.48%), and 125-440 Hz (88.44%).

Conclusions:

  • Audio stimuli alone can be an effective tool for managing virtual fencing in sheep.
  • This approach offers a humane and potentially more flexible alternative to traditional fencing and shock-based VF systems.
  • Further research into optimizing audio cue parameters could enhance the application of this technology in livestock management.