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Myxovirus resistance (Mx) Gene Diversity in Avian Influenza Virus Infections

Jahangir Alam1, Md Mostafizer Rahman2,3, Joyanta Halder1,4

  • 1Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.

Biomedicines
|November 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The Myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunogenetics
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) present significant risks to both animal and human health.
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreaks in indigenous chickens are rare in Bangladesh, potentially due to the Myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene.
  • Understanding Mx gene diversity is crucial for managing AIV infections in poultry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Mx gene diversity on AIV infection susceptibility and antibody response in chickens.
  • To analyze the prevalence of different Mx gene genotypes (AA, GG, AG) in indigenous and commercial chicken populations.
  • To correlate Mx genotypes with the presence of anti-AIV antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • DNA isolation from blood, serum, and cloacal swabs of indigenous and commercial chickens.
  • Genotyping of the Myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene.
  • Detection and subtyping of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from swab samples.
  • Quantification of anti-AIV antibodies.
  • Statistical analysis using the general linear model (GLM) procedure.

Main Results:

  • Three Mx genotypes were identified: AA (resistant), GG (sensitive), and AG (heterozygous), with AA being the most prevalent (0.48), particularly in indigenous chickens.
  • AIVs (H1N1) were detected at a low rate (0.39%), with no apparent clinical signs observed.
  • Anti-AIV antibodies were prevalent (44.92%), with higher detection rates in chickens carrying the sensitive GG genotype (65.98%) compared to the resistant AA genotype (40.16%).
  • A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between Mx genotypes and anti-AIV antibody levels.

Conclusions:

  • The resistant AA genotype of the Mx gene may not confer protection against AIV infection in chickens, as indicated by antibody prevalence.
  • High antibody prevalence suggests widespread AIV circulation and seroconversion, even with low virus isolation rates.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between Mx gene variants and AIV resistance in poultry populations.
Keywords:
AIV infectionsMx gene diversityMyxovirus resistanceanti-AIVavian influenza

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