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Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Childbirth: A Systematic Review

Ijlas El Founti Khsim1, Mirella Martínez Rodríguez2, Blanca Riquelme Gallego3,4

  • 1PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This review identifies key risk factors for postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including obstetric interventions, violence, and prior mental health issues. Understanding these factors is crucial for maternal mental health support.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal mental health
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Psychotraumatology

Background:

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth is a growing concern.
  • Limited research exists on specific risk factors for postpartum PTSD.
  • This systematic review addresses the need to identify these risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and identify risk factors associated with the diagnosis of PTSD after childbirth.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases up to May 2022.
  • Included studies on women aged 18+ in English or Spanish, focusing on various risk factors.
  • Assessed article quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale and followed PRISMA guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Included data from 17,675 women.
  • Identified key risk factors: obstetric interventions (e.g., emergency C-section), obstetric violence, prior mental illness, history of trauma, depression/anxiety, and poor social support.
  • Identified protective factors: multiparity, adherence to birth plan, and skin-to-skin contact.

Conclusions:

  • Obstetric interventions, violence, prior mental illness, and psychological distress are significant risk factors for postpartum PTSD.
  • Multiparity, birth plan adherence, and skin-to-skin contact may act as protective factors.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and support for women at risk.
Abstract

Keywords:
PTSD after birthdiagnosisperinatal mental healthpregnancyrisk factors

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