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Rotationally Adjustable Hyperthermia Applicators: A Computational Comparative Study of Circular and Linear Array

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Rotating a linear applicator (LA) for microwave breast hyperthermia (MH) significantly improves tumor heating. A 135° rotation enhanced target-to-breast temperature ratios by up to 59% compared to fixed or circular applicators.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Microwave breast hyperthermia (MH) uses focused microwave energy to heat tumors, aiming for precise temperature increase in the target while sparing healthy tissue.
  • Optimizing the specific absorption rate (SAR) and applicator design is crucial for effective energy deposition in hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP).
  • Existing linear applicators (LAs) have limitations in focusing energy due to asymmetrical designs, impacting treatment efficacy across different breast models and tumor locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of radially adjusting a linear applicator (LA) by altering antenna excitation schemes without modifying the applicator's physical structure.
  • To enhance the energy focus and improve temperature distribution in breast tissue for microwave hyperthermia (MH).
  • To compare the performance of a rotated LA against fixed LAs and circular applicators for improved hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized antipodal Vivaldi antennas within the linear applicator (LA) design.
  • Employed particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine optimal antenna excitation schemes for different applicator configurations.
  • Evaluated applicator performance by comparing target-to-breast SAR ratio (TBRS) and target-to-breast temperature ratio (TBRT) across various rotation angles and target positions.

Main Results:

  • A 135° axially rotated linear applicator (LA) demonstrated a 35% to 84% increase in target-to-breast SAR ratio (TBRS) compared to the fixed LA.
  • The 135° rotated LA achieved a 21% to 28% higher target-to-breast temperature ratio (TBRT) than the fixed LA.
  • For deep-seated targets, the 135° rotated LA showed an 80% higher TBRS and 59% higher TBRT than a 12-antenna circular applicator, with comparable results to a 24-antenna circular applicator.

Conclusions:

  • Radial adjustment of the linear applicator (LA) through optimized excitation schemes offers a significant improvement in microwave breast hyperthermia (MH) treatment efficacy.
  • The 135° rotated LA provides superior energy focusing and temperature elevation in the target region compared to fixed LAs and smaller circular arrays.
  • This adaptable applicator design presents a promising approach for personalized and effective hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP).