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Related Concept Videos

The Carnot Cycle01:30

The Carnot Cycle

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Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
What could be the theoretical limit to the efficiency of a heat engine? The...
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An Otto engine is a four-stroke engine that uses a mixture of gasoline and air as the working fuel. The fuel is injected into the cylinder, and the piston is moved completely down so that the cylinder is at maximum volume. By moving the piston up, adiabatic compression takes place. The spark plug ignites the gasoline-air mixture, and the burning fuel adds heat to the system at a constant volume. The heated mixture expands adiabatically and gets further cooled by exhausting heat, and this cyclic...
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Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

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The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
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Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...
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Conservation of Energy in Control Volume01:14

Conservation of Energy in Control Volume

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Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
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The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
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Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
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Efficient Power Characteristic Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization for an Irreversible Simple Closed Gas

Xingfu Qiu1,2,3, Lingen Chen1,2,3, Yanlin Ge1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes gas turbine cycle performance using finite-time thermodynamics. The research identifies key factors influencing efficient power and uses multi-objective optimization to find ideal operating conditions for enhanced performance.

Keywords:
NSGA-II algorithmfinite-time thermodynamicsheat conductance distributionirreversible closed gas turbine cyclemulti-objective optimizationpressure ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Energy Systems

Background:

  • Established irreversible simple closed gas turbine cycle models provide a basis for performance optimization.
  • Finite-time thermodynamics offers advanced methods for improving cycle efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the performance of an irreversible closed gas turbine cycle using finite-time thermodynamics.
  • To derive a dimensionless efficient power expression and analyze influencing factors.
  • To perform multi-objective optimization for enhanced cycle performance.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of dimensionless efficient power expression.
  • Analysis of internal irreversibility (turbine and compressor efficiencies) and heat reservoir temperature ratio effects.
  • Application of the NSGA-II algorithm for multi-objective optimization with five performance indicators.
  • Utilizing TOPSIS, LINMAP, and Shannon Entropy decision-making methods.

Main Results:

  • Dimensionless efficient power is influenced by heat reservoir temperature ratio and compressor efficiency.
  • Optimizing heat-conductance distribution and cycle pressure ratio can achieve double maximum dimensionless efficient power.
  • The NSGA-II algorithm yielded Pareto frontiers for optimal solutions.
  • Shannon Entropy decision-making method provided the most ideal results with a deviation index of 0.2284.

Conclusions:

  • Finite-time thermodynamics provides a robust framework for optimizing irreversible gas turbine cycles.
  • Multi-objective optimization is crucial for balancing various performance indicators.
  • The Shannon Entropy method is effective for selecting optimal solutions in complex multi-objective scenarios.