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A Linkage between Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Hanna Heloterä1, Kai Kaarniranta1,2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.

Cells
|November 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a growing cause of vision loss. This review explores how blood vessel growth and inflammation contribute to neovascular AMD, seeking new treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pathogenesis of eye diseases

Background:

  • Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a primary cause of vision impairment in older adults.
  • AMD presents as dry or neovascular (wet) forms; neovascular AMD (nAMD) involves choroidal neovascularization.
  • Current treatments for nAMD, such as anti-VEGF inhibitors, are not universally effective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD.
  • To explore the roles of angiogenesis and inflammation in nAMD development.
  • To discuss current therapeutic challenges and future directions for nAMD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review connecting angiogenesis and inflammatory regulators in nAMD.
  • Analysis of AMD pathogenesis, including cellular damage and phenotypic variations.

Main Results:

  • AMD progression involves retinal pigment epithelium alterations, lipofuscin, and drusen.
  • Oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and inflammation contribute to geographic atrophy and/or choroidal neovascularization.
  • The interplay between angiogenesis and inflammation is critical in nAMD development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the links between angiogenesis and inflammation is key to addressing nAMD.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current therapy limitations.
  • Developing novel treatments targeting these pathways offers hope for improved nAMD management.
Keywords:
aggregationagingangiogenesisdegenerationinflammationmacula

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