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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
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Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

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Alternative RNA Conformations: Companion or Combatant.

Payal Gupta1, Rushikesh M Khadake1, Shounok Panja1

  • 1Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India.

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RNA molecules

Keywords:
G-quadruplexRNA conformational ensemblegene regulationpseudoknotriboswitch

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA molecules are fundamental to cellular physiology and disease.
  • Their diverse functions stem from complex secondary and tertiary structures.
  • Dynamic conformational ensembles are key to RNA function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory role of RNA conformational equilibria in human diseases.
  • To explore RNA structures in pathogens for understanding infectious diseases.
  • To summarize RNA structure-based platforms for therapeutic small molecule design.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on RNA structure and function.
  • Analysis of RNA conformational dynamics.
  • Examination of RNA's role in genetic and infectious diseases.
  • Survey of structure-based drug design approaches.

Main Results:

  • RNA conformational equilibria play a regulatory role in human genetic diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Understanding RNA structures in pathogens aids in comprehending infectious disease progression.
  • RNA structures serve as effective platforms for designing therapeutic small molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating RNA conformational dynamics is crucial for understanding cellular processes and disease.
  • Targeting RNA structures offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • This review highlights the significance of RNA structural biology in medicine and disease research.