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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

687
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

2.5K
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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3D Genome Plasticity in Normal and Diseased Neurodevelopment.

Amara Plaza-Jennings1, Aditi Valada2,3, Schahram Akbarian2,3,4

  • 1Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

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|November 11, 2022
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The 3D genome organization in brain cells changes dynamically during development and in response to stimuli. DNA variations can disrupt genome function, highlighting the importance of chromosomal contacts in brain health and disease.

Keywords:
3D genome4D nucleomeHi-Cbrainchromosomal conformationscis-regulatory domainneurodevelopmentneuropsychiatric disordernon-coding DNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The spatial organization of chromosomes within cell nuclei is a key regulator of genome function in both healthy and diseased states.
  • Understanding the 3D genome is crucial for insights into neurodevelopment and neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how integrative approaches to 3D genome organization provide new insights into normal and diseased neurodevelopment.
  • To discuss the dynamic changes in chromosomal organization during brain development and aging.

Main Methods:

  • Integrative approaches assessing chromatin within the context of the 3D genome.
  • Comparative studies in primate (including human) and rodent brains.
  • Analysis of chromosomal conformation changes in neurons and glia.

Main Results:

  • Chromosomal organization in neurons and glia undergoes dynamic changes during pre- and early postnatal development.
  • Neuronal 3D genomes exhibit plasticity, with conformation changes occurring in response to learning, environmental enrichment, viral infection, and neuroinflammation.
  • Locus-specific DNA variations can disrupt epigenomic and transcriptional landscapes, emphasizing the role of long-range chromosomal contacts.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D genome is a critical regulatory layer in brain cell function.
  • Dynamic changes and structural variations in the 3D genome are important in neurodevelopment, aging, and disease.
  • Long-range intra- and inter-chromosomal contacts are vital for neuronal and glial function.