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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells
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Small Non-Coding RNAs in Human Cancer.

Qunli Xiong1, Yaguang Zhang2, Junjun Li3

  • 1Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Genes
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and PIWI-interacting RNAs, play crucial roles in cancer. This review covers their biogenesis, functions, and potential as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
PIWI-interacting RNAcancerdiagnosismicroRNAprognosissmall non-coding RNAtRNA-derived small RNAtherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Small non-coding RNAs are vital molecules in biological processes.
  • Their involvement in human health and diseases, particularly cancer, is a growing area of research.
  • Understanding these molecules is key to advancing cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biogenesis of small non-coding RNAs.
  • To discuss the biological functions of microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, and tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancer.
  • To highlight their clinical applications in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of small non-coding RNA research.
  • Focus on microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, and tRNA-derived small RNAs.
  • Analysis of their roles in cancer initiation and progression.

Main Results:

  • Small non-coding RNAs are integral to cancer development.
  • MicroRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, and tRNA-derived small RNAs exhibit diverse functions in cancer.
  • These RNAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • Small non-coding RNAs are critical regulators in human cancers.
  • Their distinct biogenesis pathways influence their functions.
  • Clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets are promising avenues for cancer treatment.