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Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Perspectives on Neuroscience
Published on: July 31, 2007
The Garden and the Orchestra: Generative Metaphors for Conceptualizing the Complexities of Well-Being
Tim Lomas1, Tyler J VanderWeele1
1Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Abstract:
Our understanding of well-being, and related concepts such as health and flourishing, is shaped by the metaphors through which we think about such ideas. Current dominant metaphors-including a pyramid, ladder, and continuum-all have various issues. As such, this paper offers two other metaphors which can better do justice to the nuanced complexities of these notions, namely, a garden and an orchestra. Through these metaphors, this paper articulates a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing and appreciating the nature of well-being (and associated concepts), which it is hoped will generate further insights and research into these valued and sought-after phenomena.
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