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Trade and Embodied CO2 Emissions: Analysis from a Global Input-Output Perspective.
Xinsheng Zhou1, Qinyang Guo1, Yuanyuan Wang2
1Faculty of International Trade, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|November 11, 2022
Summary
Global trade significantly shifts embodied carbon emissions. Europe imports the most, while Africa and China export the most carbon emissions, highlighting unequal environmental costs in international trade.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Economics
- Climate Change
Background:
- Global trade facilitates economic development but involves substantial embodied carbon transfers between nations.
- Understanding these carbon flows is crucial for sustainable development and climate change mitigation strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify bilateral trade embodied carbon transfers among 185 countries/regions.
- To analyze regional and national trade embodied carbon transfer patterns.
- To identify the roles of different economic blocs and countries in global carbon flows.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a multi-regional input-output model.
- Calculated bilateral trade embodied carbon transfers.
- Analyzed trade patterns across continents, economic organizations, and representative countries.
Main Results:
- Europe showed the largest embodied carbon inflows; Africa had the largest outflows.
- China was the top exporter of embodied carbon; the US, France, Japan, and Germany were major importers.
- Economic organizations like OECD, EU, and NAFTA had inflows, while BRICS, SCO, RCEP, OPEC, and ASEAN had outflows.
Conclusions:
- Developed nations often offset emissions by exporting carbon-intensive industries.
- Developing nations face environmental costs for foreign exchange earnings.
- Upgrading industries, enhancing global cooperation, and reducing carbon transfers are vital for sustainable trade.
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