Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

8.5K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
8.5K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.5K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

12.2K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
12.2K
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

29.8K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
29.8K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

4.1K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.1K
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

4.5K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chlorophyllin-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation: Dosage and Time Dependency in the Inhibition of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>.

Microorganisms·2025
Same author

Proteome Analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae-Macrophage Interaction.

Proteomics·2025
Same author

Analysis of the Culturable Skin Microbiome of Horses from Southern Germany.

Microorganisms·2025
Same author

Host-Pathogen Interaction 5.0.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Proteomics of Toxigenic Corynebacteria.

Proteomes·2024
Same author

Latest Review Papers in Molecular Microbiology.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions
13:56

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

11.3K

Host-Pathogen Interaction 3.0.

Andreas Burkovski1

  • 1Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microorganisms engage in diverse interactions with plants, animals, and humans. These microbial relationships significantly impact host health and ecosystem functions.

More Related Videos

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions
14:58

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: March 5, 2022

4.4K
Author Spotlight: Advanced Enteroid Model for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions
07:56

Author Spotlight: Advanced Enteroid Model for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: April 5, 2024

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions
13:56

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

11.3K
High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions
14:58

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: March 5, 2022

4.4K
Author Spotlight: Advanced Enteroid Model for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions
07:56

Author Spotlight: Advanced Enteroid Model for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: April 5, 2024

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Environmental Science: Exploring the complex interplay between microorganisms and various life forms.

Background:

  • Microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, form intricate relationships with plants, animals, and humans.
  • These interactions can be symbiotic, commensal, or pathogenic, influencing host physiology and ecological dynamics.

Discussion:

  • The study examines the multifaceted roles of microbial communities in shaping host health and environmental processes.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for fields ranging from medicine to agriculture and conservation.

Key Insights:

  • Microbial communities are integral components of ecosystems, affecting nutrient cycling and host immunity.
  • Specific microbial consortia can promote plant growth, enhance animal nutrition, or contribute to human disease.

Outlook:

  • Future research will focus on harnessing beneficial microbes and mitigating the impact of detrimental ones.
  • Developing targeted microbial interventions holds promise for improving health and sustainability across diverse environments.