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Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Uptake of Fluorescent Labeled Small Extracellular Vesicles In Vitro and in Spinal Cord
Published on: May 23, 2021
Molecular Docking and Intracellular Translocation of Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Drug Delivery
Yasunari Matsuzaka1,2, Ryu Yashiro2,3
1Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, mediate intercellular communication by delivering their contents, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to distant target cells. EVs play a role in the progression of several diseases. In particular, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels in exosomes are associated with cancer progression. Furthermore, exosomes are being used for new drug-delivery systems by modifying their membrane peptides to promote their intracellular transduction via micropinocytosis. In this review, we aim to show that an efficient drug-delivery system and a useful therapeutic strategy can be established by controlling the molecular docking and intracellular translocation of exosomes. We summarise the mechanisms of molecular docking of exosomes, the biological effects of exosomes transmitted into target cells, and the current state of exosomes as drug delivery systems.
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