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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
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CNS Pericytes Modulate Local T Cell Infiltration in EAE.

Kathrin Koch1, Maren Lindner1, Ann-Katrin Fleck1

  • 1Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pericytes at the blood-brain barrier present antigens to T cells, influencing immune responses in the central nervous system. This shapes local inflammation but does not alter overall disease severity in models of multiple sclerosis.

Keywords:
antigen presentationblood–brain barriercentral nervous systemexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitismultiple sclerosispericytes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Cellular immunology
  • Blood-brain barrier research

Background:

  • Pericytes are crucial for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
  • Pericyte loss exacerbates immune cell infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The role of pericytes in modulating immune cell activation during CNS autoimmunity remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the capacity of pericytes to interact with T cells in an antigen-specific manner.
  • To determine if pericytes can influence T cell activation and function in the context of CNS autoimmunity.
  • To evaluate the impact of pericyte-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on EAE.

Main Methods:

  • Cell type-specific depletion of MHC class II in pericytes.
  • In vitro T cell-pericyte co-culture experiments.
  • Adoptive transfer EAE experiments in mice.

Main Results:

  • Pericytes were found to present antigens in vitro, inducing T cell activation and proliferation.
  • Pericyte-specific MHC II knockout led to increased local T cell infiltration in the CNS during EAE.
  • Overall disease severity in EAE mice was not significantly affected by the pericyte-specific MHC II knockout.

Conclusions:

  • Pericytes function as non-professional antigen-presenting cells, influencing T cell activation states.
  • Pericytes locally shape lesion formation in CNS inflammation by modulating T cell activity.
  • Despite influencing local immune cell dynamics, pericytes do not appear to modulate overall disease severity in this EAE model.