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Systemic CD4 Immunity and PD-L1/PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy
David Escors1, Ana Bocanegra1, Luisa Chocarro1
1Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet-Hospital Universitario de Navarra-UPNA-IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Abstract:
PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of many cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy or treatment failure are still unclear. Proficient systemic immunity seems to be a prerequisite for efficacy, as recently shown in patients and in mouse models. It is widely accepted that expansion of anti-tumor CD8 T cell populations is principally responsible for anti-tumor responses. In contrast, the role of CD4 T cells has been less studied. Here we review and discuss the evidence supporting the contribution of CD4 T cells to anti-tumor immunity, especially recent advances linking CD4 T cell subsets to efficacious PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. We also discuss the role of CD4 T cell memory subsets present in peripheral blood before the start of immunotherapies, and their utility as predictors of response.
Insights
Immune checkpoint inhibitors like PD-L1/PD-1 blockade show promise in cancer treatment. This review highlights the crucial role of CD4 T cells and their memory subsets in predicting immunotherapy response.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cancer Biology
- Medical Science
Background:
- PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.
- Mechanisms of efficacy and treatment failure remain incompletely understood.
- Systemic immunity is crucial for successful immunotherapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the contribution of CD4 T cells to anti-tumor immunity.
- To discuss CD4 T cell subsets in PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy.
- To explore CD4 T cell memory subsets as predictors of response.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing evidence.
- Analysis of studies in patients and mouse models.
- Focus on CD4 T cell subsets and their functions.
Main Results:
- CD4 T cells play a significant role in anti-tumor responses.
- Specific CD4 T cell subsets are linked to effective PD-L1/PD-1 blockade.
- Peripheral CD4 T cell memory subsets may predict treatment outcomes.
Conclusions:
- CD4 T cells are integral to anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy.
- Understanding CD4 T cell subsets can optimize cancer treatment strategies.
- CD4 T cell memory subsets offer potential as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy.
