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Coronary Artery Disease and Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Urine Proteomics Study

Luís Perpétuo1,2, António S Barros2, Jéssica Dalsuco2

  • 1iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Researchers identified key urinary proteins, TIMP1, MMP2, and von Willebrand factor (vWF), as potential biomarkers for early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic valve stenosis (AVS). These proteins show increased levels in patients and correlate with cardiovascular risk factors.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Proteomics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic valve stenosis (AVS) are prevalent heart conditions often co-occurring and sharing risk factors and pathogenesis.
  • Early detection of these atherosclerotic diseases is crucial for timely intervention, but routine biomarkers are lacking.
  • Urine offers a noninvasive source for potential biomarker identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel urinary protein biomarkers for the early detection of CAD and/or AVS.
  • To explore the potential of urine proteomics for differentiating patients with these conditions from healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Shotgun proteomics analysis of urine samples from patients with CAD/AVS and healthy controls.
  • Identification and validation of differentially expressed proteins using independent cohorts.
  • Analysis of protein-protein interaction networks and correlation with cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Results:

  • TIMP1, MMP2, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were significantly elevated (≥2.5×) in the urine of CAD/AVS patients.
  • These proteins occupied central positions in identified protein-protein interaction networks.
  • Urinary TIMP1 and vWF levels strongly correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, a cardiovascular risk factor.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary TIMP1, MMP2, and vWF are promising candidates for noninvasive biomarkers of CAD and AVS.
  • These biomarkers may aid in the early diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with these common heart diseases.
  • Further validation is warranted to establish their clinical utility in routine diagnostics.

Keywords:
aortic valve stenosisbiomarkerscoronary artery diseaseproteomicsurine

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