A Gaussian to Vector Vortex Beam Generator with a Programmable State of Polarization

Area of Science:

• Optics and Photonics
• Materials Science

Background:

• Optical vortices are crucial for applications like optical trapping and information processing.
• Existing methods for generating optical vortices often involve bulky or complex components.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a compact and tunable device for converting polarized Gaussian beams into optical vortices.
• To demonstrate a new approach using liquid crystals and nanotube-based phase plates.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a nano-spherical phase plate from two types of glass nanotubes.
• Integration of the phase plate with three specially prepared nematic liquid crystal cells.
• Characterization of the device's ability to generate optical vortices from a polarized Gaussian beam.

Main Results:

• The device successfully generates high-quality optical vortices with tunable polarization states.
• The generated optical vortex possesses multiple polarization states from a uniformly polarized input Gaussian beam.
• The device exhibits small size and simple operation.

Conclusions:

• The proposed device is a promising alternative to passive vortex retarders and spatial light modulators.
• Its electrical steering capability allows easy integration into laboratory and industrial systems.
• This technology advances the generation of tunable optical vortices.