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Oral Bacterial Infection and Shedding in Drosophila melanogaster

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Super Shedding in Enteric Pathogens: A Review.

Florent Kempf¹, Roberto La Ragione^2,3, Barbara Chirullo⁴

¹INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.

|November 11, 2022

Summary

Super shedding, where a few individuals shed high pathogen levels, is key in enteric disease epidemics. Understanding its complex causes, including host, pathogen, and microbiota interactions, is vital for control.

Keywords:

bacterial polymorphism control strategies enteric pathogens gut microbiota host response super shedding

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Epidemiology
Immunology

Background:

Super shedding involves a small host group shedding high pathogen levels, particularly enteric pathogens.
This phenomenon is of significant interest due to its role in disease transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the super shedding phenomenon.
To emphasize the critical role of host-pathogen-gut microbiota interactions in enteric pathogen super shedding.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on super shedding and enteric pathogens.
Analysis of proposed mechanisms including environmental, host, pathogen, and microbiota factors.

Main Results:

Super shedding is observed across various pathogens, notably enteric ones.
Multiple factors contribute, including host immunity, pathogen genetics, and gut microbiota composition.
The interplay at the host-pathogen-gut microbiota interface is crucial for the super shedding phenotype.

Conclusions:

Super shedding is a significant factor in enteric disease epidemics.
Developing targeted control strategies is necessary, informed by a comprehensive understanding of super shedding mechanisms.