Anticancer, Cardio-Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Natural-Sources-Derived Phenolic Acids

Area of Science:

• Phytochemistry
• Pharmacology
• Nutraceuticals

Background:

• Phenolic acids (PAs) are prevalent plant-derived bioactive compounds found in various food and medicinal plants.
• Their biosynthesis, chemical properties, and structure-activity relationships are well-established.
• PAs possess diverse bioactivities, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the plant sources, structure-activity relationships, and therapeutic actions of phenolic acids.
• To elucidate the mechanisms underlying their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects.
• To highlight the role of PAs in modulating oxidative stress and signal transduction pathways.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on phenolic acids.
• Analysis of structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action.
• Focus on PAs' effects on oxidative stress and disease pathways.

Main Results:

• Phenolic acids exhibit strong antioxidant activity due to hydroxyl groups, contributing to their therapeutic potential.
• Anticancer effects are mediated by apoptosis induction, anti-angiogenesis, and inhibition of abnormal cell growth.
• Anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective actions involve reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and activating Paraoxonase 1, respectively.

Conclusions:

• Phenolic acids demonstrate significant therapeutic potential for various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and inflammatory disorders.
• Their efficacy is linked to their ability to modulate oxidative stress and key signaling pathways.
• Further preclinical and clinical studies are essential to fully understand their therapeutic mechanisms and applications in human health.