Searching for the Optimal Donor for Allogenic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Review

Adipose-derived stem cells comprise several clinically beneficial qualities that have been explored in basic research and have motivated several clinical studies with promising results. After being approved in the European Union, UK, Switzerland, Israel, and Japan, allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (darvadstrocel) have been recently granted a regenerative medicine advanced therapy (RMAT) designation by US FDA for complex perianal fistulas in adults with Crohn's disease. This huge scientific step is likely to impact the future spread of the indications of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cell applications. The current knowledge on adipose stem cell harvest describes quantitative and qualitative differences that could be influenced by different donor conditions and donor sites. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current knowledge on the topic and propose donor profiles that could provide the optimal initial quality of this living drug, as a starting point for further applications and studies in different pathological conditions.