Impact Velocity Measurement Method Based on Trajectory and Impact Position.

Area of Science:

• Physics
• Mechanical Engineering
• Metrology

Background:

• Impact velocity measurement is crucial for analyzing falling weight dynamics.
• Current methods often rely on expensive high-speed sensors, limiting accessibility and potentially introducing errors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and validate a novel Trajectory-Position Measurement Method (TPMM) for determining impact velocity.
• To offer a more accurate, stable, and accessible alternative to existing measurement techniques.

Main Methods:

• The method involves capturing impact time at the stationary impact position.
• A discrete falling trajectory is measured and fitted using a new empirical regression algorithm.
• Impact velocity is calculated by differentiating the fitted trajectory expression with respect to time.

Main Results:

• Simulations for 1-5 m falling heights show relative maximum error below 0.481% and relative expanded uncertainty below 0.442%.
• Experimental verification confirmed the high accuracy and low uncertainty of the TPMM.
• The method demonstrated superior stability in trajectory fitting and utilized simpler low-speed sensors.

Conclusions:

• The proposed TPMM provides a highly accurate and low-uncertainty measurement of impact velocity.
• The reliance on low-speed sensors enhances accuracy and stability compared to high-speed alternatives.
• The empirical regression algorithm contributes to the robustness of trajectory fitting and overall method performance.