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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

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Published on: November 10, 2023

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Variants Is Associated with Different Long COVID Phenotypes.

Michele Spinicci^1,2, Lucia Graziani¹, Marta Tilli¹

¹Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.

|November 11, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Long COVID, or post-COVID-19 syndrome, frequently causes persistent symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue. Female sex and severe illness increase the risk of developing these long-term effects.

Keywords:

VOC long COVID post-COVID-19 predictors risk factors variant

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Published on: November 5, 2021

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Pulmonology
Neurology

Background:

Long COVID (post-COVID-19 syndrome) is a growing concern with diverse long-term symptoms.
Characterizing long COVID remains challenging despite increasing research.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of long COVID symptoms.
To identify risk factors associated with developing long COVID.
To investigate potential differences in long COVID phenotypes related to SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from a post-COVID-19 outpatient service.
Inclusion of 428 patients 4-12 weeks after hospital discharge.
Data collection on persistent symptoms and risk factors, including oxygen support, immunosuppressant use, sex, and SARS-CoV-2 variant exposure.

Main Results:

76% of patients reported at least one persistent symptom, most commonly dyspnea (37%) and chronic fatigue (36%).
Higher risk of long COVID symptoms was associated with increased oxygen support, immunosuppressant use, and female sex.
A shift in neurological and cognitive/emotional symptoms was observed between wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7).

Conclusions:

Shortness of breath and chronic fatigue are the most frequent long COVID manifestations.
Female sex and a severe initial COVID-19 course are significant risk factors for persistent symptoms.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may contribute to distinct long COVID phenotypes.