Establishment of a three‑dimensional triculture model on the novel AXTEX‑4D™ platform

Cancer can be fatal if it is not treated in a timely manner; therefore, there is a high demand for more specific oncology drugs. Unfortunately, drugs showing positive responses on a two‑dimensional (2D) culture platform do not often show the same effect in clinical trials. Therefore, three‑dimensional (3D) culture platforms are garnering attention since they more closely mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME stimulates metastasis and drug resistance, and serves an essential role in tumor formation. An accurate understanding of tumor‑stroma interactions is undoubtedly required to improve the response of patients to therapeutic strategies, and cancer therapeutic strategies that do not account for the stroma are considered inadequate. It should be noted that 3D monoculture systems do not completely mimic the TME since other cells in the 3D culture are missing, such as fibroblast or endothelial cells, which are essential components of the stroma; therefore, it is essential to develop advanced 3D culture systems. The present study aimed to develop a versatile triculture model that mimics the native TME; therefore, it could aid in high‑throughput screening of chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer by evaluating their effects on tumor progression and cell cytotoxicity. The present study demonstrated the use of the AXTEX‑4D™ platform in developing triculture tissueoids composed of MCF‑7, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and MRC5 cells, and compared it with a 3D monoculture model (MCF‑7) and a 2D culture model. The triculture model was validated for proliferation, ECM markers and T‑cell infiltration by confocal microscopy. Alamar Blue assay demonstrated that triculture tissueoids exhibited higher drug resistance than the other two models, thus demonstrating their use in the screening of oncology drugs.