Miniaturized ternary deep eutectic solvent-based matrix solid-phase dispersion: A green sample preparation method for...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Chlorophenols are common environmental pollutants.
• River sediments can accumulate persistent organic pollutants.
• Efficient and green extraction methods are needed for environmental monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and optimize a novel green extraction method for chlorophenols from river sediments.
• To apply miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) with ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs).
• To assess the environmental benefits and applicability of the developed method.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of new ternary deep eutectic solvents.
• Application of miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD).
• Analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) detector.
• Optimization of extraction parameters including sample size, dispersant, DES volume, grinding time, elution solvent, and mixing time.

Main Results:

• The method achieved excellent linearity (R² > 0.9980).
• Low limits of detection (1.039–2.478 μg/g) and high extraction recoveries (93.9%–99.2%) were obtained.
• High precision was demonstrated with relative standard deviation below 6% for intra- and inter-day analyses.
• Significant reduction in sample and solvent consumption compared to conventional methods.

Conclusions:

• The developed miniaturized MSPD method using ternary DESs is efficient and green for chlorophenol extraction.
• The method is suitable for routine environmental monitoring of chlorophenols in river sediments.
• The technique offers significant environmental benefits due to reduced waste generation.