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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Induced Smectic E Phase in a Binary Blend of Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers.

Naoki Hida1, Tatsunaga Nakajima2, Mitsuo Hara1

  • 1Department of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.

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Summary

Mixing two liquid crystalline polymers created a compatible blend that unexpectedly formed a highly ordered smectic E phase. This suggests specific intermolecular interactions between the mesogens, leading to enhanced liquid crystal (LC) properties.

Keywords:
induced smectic E phasepolymer blendsside chain liquid crystalline polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Liquid Crystals

Background:

  • Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) are known for their unique phase behaviors.
  • Smectic A phases are common, but higher-ordered phases like smectic E are less frequently observed in blends.
  • Understanding polymer blend compatibility is crucial for developing new materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the compatibility and phase behavior of a binary blend of two LCPs.
  • To explore the potential for forming higher-ordered liquid crystal phases through blending.
  • To identify specific intermolecular interactions driving blend behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical mixing of two LCPs with azobenzene and cyanobiphenyl mesogens at a 1:1 molar ratio.
  • Heating to the isotropic phase followed by controlled cooling.
  • Characterization using polarized microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Main Results:

  • The binary polymer mixture behaved as a single component, indicating full compatibility.
  • The blend unexpectedly formed a higher-ordered smectic E phase.
  • A herringbone structure with restricted mesogen rotation was observed in the smectic E phase.

Conclusions:

  • Specific intermolecular interactions between azobenzene and cyanobiphenyl mesogens promote blend compatibility.
  • These interactions can induce the formation of highly ordered liquid crystal phases.
  • This study demonstrates a pathway to create advanced polymer blends with unique LC properties.