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High-Yield Separation of Extracellular Vesicles Using Programmable Zwitterionic Coacervates.

Carolina Paganini1, Umberto Capasso Palmiero1, Sabrina Picciotto2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Zwitterionic polymer coacervates offer a programmable method for purifying nanoparticles like liposomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs). This dynamic material provides a gentle, selective, and efficient alternative to existing separation techniques.

Keywords:
coacervationexosomesion exchangeliquid-liquid phase separationpurificationseparationvesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Current methods for purifying nanoparticles such as liposomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) often involve harsh conditions or lack selectivity.
  • There is a need for gentle, efficient, and programmable methods for isolating these delicate biological entities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize programmable coacervates based on zwitterionic polymers for ion exchange bioseparation.
  • To evaluate the coacervates' efficacy in purifying soft nanoparticles, specifically liposomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Main Methods:

  • Development of zwitterionic polymer-based coacervates with tunable stimulus-responsiveness.
  • Utilizing polymer design to independently program coacervate responsiveness and molecule recruitment.
  • Application of coacervates for the selective capture and release of liposomes, human EVs, and nanoalgosomes.

Main Results:

  • Programmable coacervates demonstrated independent control over stimulus-responsiveness and molecule recruitment via polymer design.
  • High yields of intact liposomes, human EVs, and nanoalgosomes were achieved.
  • Effective separation of vesicles from impurities like proteins and nucleic acids was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Zwitterionic polymer coacervates provide a versatile platform for the purification of soft nanoparticles.
  • This approach merges the benefits of precipitation, chromatography, and aqueous two-phase separation, ensuring product stability.
  • The developed material offers a promising low-shear, gentle, and selective purification method for EVs.