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Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Super-Resolution Imaging of Bacterial Secreted Proteins Using Genetic Code Expansion
Published on: February 10, 2023
Recent insights into type-3 secretion system injectisome structure and mechanism of human enteric pathogens
Poyin Chen1, Marcia B Goldberg2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract:
Type-3 secretion system injectisomes are multiprotein complexes that translocate bacterial effector proteins from the cytoplasm of gram-negative bacteria directly into the cytosol of eukaryotic host cells. These systems are present in more than 30 bacterial species, including numerous human, animal, and plant pathogens. We review recent discoveries of structural and molecular mechanisms of effector protein translocation through the injectisomes and recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms of activation of effector protein secretion.
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