Biomolecule-functionalized nanoformulations for prostate cancer theranostics

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Oncology

Background:

• Prostate cancer remains a significant health concern for men despite advances in cancer nanotechnology.
• Current nanomedicine approaches for prostate cancer face limitations in biocompatibility, immune response, targeting precision, and therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compare biofunctionalized nanomaterials for prostate cancer theranostic applications.
• To highlight strategies for enhancing specificity, circulation time, and immune modulation of nanocarriers.
• To explore the clinical translation potential of next-generation nanomaterials for prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

• Classification of nanomaterials based on biofunctionalization strategies and biomolecule sources.
• Emphasis on embedding targeting moieties like antibodies, aptamers, and peptides onto nanoparticles.
• Focus on biomimetic nanomaterials, including extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and viral particles.

Main Results:

• Biofunctionalization improves specificity towards tumors, enabling early detection of biomarkers at low limits.
• Targeted nanoparticles facilitate direct visualization of prostate tumors and enhance therapeutic delivery.
• Biomimetic nanomaterials show promise for early detection and drug delivery in prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

• Biofunctionalized nanomaterials represent a promising avenue for advancing prostate cancer theranostics.
• Strategic functionalization can overcome existing limitations, paving the way for clinical translation.
• Next-generation biofunctionalized nanomaterials hold significant potential for improved prostate cancer management.