Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence: From Material Design to Applications

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Organic Chemistry
• Photophysics

Background:

• Organic phosphorescence involves radiative transitions between different spin multiplicities.
• Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) exhibits emission lifetimes exceeding 100 ms.
• UOP generation requires enhanced intersystem crossing (ISC) and suppressed nonradiative decay.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize research on UOP materials, focusing on design, property manipulation, and applications.
• To explore methods for constructing UOP materials through various intermolecular interactions.
• To review the manipulation of UOP properties like excitation wavelength, emission color, lifetime, and quantum efficiency.

Main Methods:

• Designing UOP materials using intermolecular interactions (π-π, hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, etc.).
• Employing molecular and crystal engineering to tune UOP properties.
• Fabricating micro/nanoscale UOP structures for device applications.

Main Results:

• Effective intermolecular interactions create rigid environments, suppressing nonradiative transitions and enhancing UOP.
• UOP properties were manipulated, achieving tunable excitation wavelengths (UV to X-ray), full visible emission colors, lifetimes up to 2.5 s, and quantum efficiencies up to 96.5%.
• Micro/nanoscale UOP materials were fabricated, demonstrating potential in optoelectronic devices.

Conclusions:

• UOP materials offer significant potential for advanced applications due to their tunable properties and long emission lifetimes.
• Further development in UOP material design and fabrication is crucial for realizing their full application potential.
• UOP holds promise for applications in information encryption, bioimaging, sensing, and displays.