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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax

Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax

Published on: January 26, 2011

Microbiome contributes to phenotypic plasticity in saffron crocus.

Alireza Ramandi¹, Seyedeh Marzieh Nourashrafeddin¹, Seyyed Hassan Marashi¹

¹Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology

|November 12, 2022

Summary

The plant microbiome significantly influences saffron crocus traits. Specific bacteria, including Cupriavidus metallidurans, impact growth, flowering, and stigma yield, explaining phenotypic variation in this species.

Keywords:

Biofertilizer Corm development Endophyte Microbiota PGPB Plant growth promoting bacteria

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Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Microbiology
Agricultural Science

Background:

Saffron crocus exhibits narrow genetic variation due to vegetative propagation.
Significant phenotypic variation exists in saffron crocus despite limited genetic diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that the plant microbiome contributes to phenotypic variation in saffron crocus.
To identify culturable bacteria associated with high-stigma yield saffron fields.

Main Methods:

Culturable bacteria from saffron rhizospheres and endophytes were identified.
Effects of isolated bacteria on Arabidopsis growth and flowering were assessed in vitro and in vivo.
Saffron corms were inoculated with identified bacteria, and their growth, flowering, and stigma yield were monitored.

Main Results:

Identified rhizospheric bacteria (Cupriavidus metallidurans, Bacillus sp., Solibacillus sp., Planococcus sp.) and endophytic bacteria (Serratia oryzae, S. odorifera).
These bacteria influenced the vegetative growth and flowering time of Arabidopsis.
Bacterial inoculation significantly affected saffron crocus vegetative growth, flowering time, and stigma yield.

Conclusions:

The plant microbiome plays a crucial role in the phenotypic variation observed in saffron crocus.
Cupriavidus metallidurans is identified as a novel naturally occurring plant-associated bacterium.
Harnessing specific bacterial inoculants shows potential for improving saffron cultivation and stigma yield.