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Related Concept Videos

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
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Specific Gravity of Aggregate01:19

Specific Gravity of Aggregate

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Aggregates typically contain pores, which can be either permeable or impermeable. Considering the pores in the aggregates, the specific gravity of aggregates is defined in three different forms, namely, bulk or gross specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and absolute specific gravity.
Bulk or gross specific gravity is calculated by taking the ratio of the mass of aggregates in the saturated surface-dry state to the total volume that includes both the solids and the voids within the...
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Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate01:10

Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

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The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
When aggregates are exposed to rain or sit in stockpiles, they absorb moisture, which must be...
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

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Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Aggregation controlled by condensate rheology.

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Cellular biomolecular condensates

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Biomolecular condensates exhibit complex rheology (viscoelastic, glassy).
  • Condensate rheology is implicated in regulating cytoskeletal polymerization and amyloid fibril aggregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Theoretically investigate how condensate rheological properties control linear aggregate formation.
  • Develop a kinetic theory for linear aggregation in coexisting phases.

Main Methods:

  • Model aggregate size distribution and exchange between condensate phases.
  • Incorporate aggregate size-dependent mobilities to represent condensate rheology.

Main Results:

  • Condensate rheology dictates the size-dependent exchange of aggregates between phases.
  • Significant differences in the ratio of intra- to extra-condensate aggregates observed.
  • Weak rheological variations induce switch-like changes in aggregate numbers.

Conclusions:

  • Condensate rheology provides a mechanism for switch-like control of linear aggregation.
  • Cellular control over aggregation dynamics may be achieved via rheological tuning.