No role of antibiotics in patients with chest trauma requiring inter-costal drain: a pilot randomized controlled

Takio Teyi1, Joses Dany James1, Vivek Kumar1

  • 1Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, JPN Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Insights

Prolonged prophylactic antibiotic therapy (PAT) did not significantly reduce infectious complications in patients with blunt trauma chest (BTC) requiring inter-costal drains (ICDs). The study found low overall complication rates, questioning the definitive role of extended PAT in this patient group.

Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Inter-costal drains (ICDs) are crucial for managing blunt trauma chest (BTC) injuries.
  • Infectious complications associated with ICDs can increase patient morbidity and healthcare costs.
  • The role of prolonged prophylactic antibiotic therapy (PAT) in preventing these complications is not fully established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of prolonged prophylactic antibiotic therapy (PAT) in preventing infectious complications related to inter-costal drain (ICD) insertion in patients with blunt trauma chest (BTC).

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 120 adult patients with BTC requiring ICD insertion.
  • Patients were divided into two groups: one receiving prolonged PAT and the other receiving a single dose of antibiotics.
  • Exclusion criteria included penetrating injuries, need for mechanical ventilation, and immunocompromised status.

Main Results:

  • A low overall incidence of ICD-related infectious complications (pneumonia, empyema, surgical site infection) was observed in both groups.
  • No statistically significant difference in infectious complications was found between the prolonged PAT group and the no prolonged PAT group (p=0.500).
  • Secondary outcomes, including duration of ICD, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality, also showed no significant differences between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of ICD-related infectious complications in blunt trauma chest patients is generally low.
  • Prolonged prophylactic antibiotic therapy does not appear to offer a definitive benefit in reducing infectious complications or associated morbidities in BTC patients with ICDs.
  • Further research may be needed to refine antibiotic strategies for specific high-risk subgroups.
Abstract

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