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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

383
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
383
Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

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Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
645

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Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
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Racial effects on Masimo pulse oximetry: a laboratory study.

Steven J Barker1, William C Wilson2

  • 1Chief Science Officer, Masimo Corp, Irvine, CA, USA. sbarker@masimo.com.

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
|November 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Masimo SET® pulse oximetry demonstrates equal accuracy in Black and White patients, even during hypoxemia. This technology can be used with confidence across all skin tones, ensuring reliable oxygen saturation readings.

Keywords:
EthnicityMasimoOccult hypoxemiaOxygen saturationPulse oximetryRaceSkin pigmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Devices
  • Physiological Monitoring
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Recent studies indicate potential inaccuracies in pulse oximetry for dark-skinned individuals during hypoxemia.
  • Masimo SET® (Signal Extraction Technology®) was developed and validated to minimize skin pigmentation-related differences in pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the accuracy of Masimo RD SET® sensors in healthy Black and White volunteers during induced hypoxemia.
  • To compare the performance of Masimo RD SET® pulse oximetry between different skin pigmentation groups.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis was conducted on 75 healthy Black and White volunteers.
  • Subjects underwent a desaturation protocol, lowering SaO2 from 100% to 70%.
  • Simultaneous SpO2 values were recorded using Masimo RD SET® sensors, and statistical bias and precision were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Bias and precision were comparable between Black (-0.20 ± 1.40%) and White (-0.05 ± 1.35%) subjects.
  • No significant visible differences in SpO2 vs. SaO2 plots were observed between races across the 70-100% saturation range.
  • Occult hypoxemia occurred in 0.2% of White subjects but not in any Black subjects.

Conclusions:

  • Masimo RD SET® pulse oximetry shows no clinically significant differences in accuracy between healthy Black and White subjects.
  • The technology can be used with equal assurance in individuals with dark or light skin.
  • These findings, from controlled laboratory conditions, suggest reliable performance across diverse skin pigmentation.