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Spatial-numerical associations without a motor response? Grip force says 'Yes'.

A Miklashevsky1, M H Fischer1, O Lindemann2

  • 1Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group, University of Potsdam, Germany.

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|November 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs) appear even without explicit motor responses. Grip force changes reveal these associations, with timing and strength varying based on the task demands.

Keywords:
Embodied cognitionGrip forceMental number lineMotor systemNumber processingSNARC

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • The role of Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs), like smaller numbers mapping to left space and larger numbers to right space (Mental Number Line hypothesis), is debated.
  • Existing research primarily shows SNAs with explicit motor responses, with limited evidence for their occurrence when no response is required.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether SNAs manifest in passive motor responses (grip force) during number processing without explicit motor tasks.
  • To determine if SNAs are present even when participants are instructed not to respond.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded passive grip forces during no-go trials in two number processing tasks.
  • Experiment 1: Surface numerical decision task (number vs. letter).
  • Experiment 2: Semantic task (number > 5 or < 5).

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous grip force changes were observed in both experiments, despite instructions to maintain constant force.
  • In the numerical decision task, smaller numbers elicited a greater grip force increase in the left hand (500-700 ms post-stimulus).
  • In the semantic task, smaller numbers increased left-hand grip force, and larger numbers increased right-hand grip force earlier (180 ms) and for longer (until 580 ms).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of SNAs reflected in passive holding grip force.
  • Explicit motor responses are not necessary for SNAs to emerge.
  • The manifestation of SNAs, including their timing and strength, is dependent on the cognitive task.