Case study: Modifying repetitive behavior in a polar bear (Ursus maritimus).

Area of Science:

• Animal Behavior
• Ethology
• Zoo Biology

Background:

• Stereotypic pacing is a complex behavior in zoo-housed carnivores with variable causes.
• While often linked to poor welfare, pacing can also be anticipatory or have other motivations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of inadvertent reinforcement in maintaining stereotypic pacing in a zoo-housed polar bear.
• To assess the effectiveness of modifying reinforcement contingencies on pacing behavior.

Main Methods:

• A case study approach was used, focusing on a single polar bear named Tundra.
• Baseline data on pacing frequency and duration were collected.
• A Differential Reinforcement of an Incompatible behavior strategy was implemented to alter reinforcement contingencies.

Main Results:

• Pacing occurred in 86% of afternoon observations when the off-exhibit door was opened.
• Behavioral changes were observed following modifications to reinforcement schedules.
• Pacing bout duration significantly decreased from a median of 4 minutes 13 seconds to 2 minutes 26 seconds.

Conclusions:

• Inadvertent reinforcement can maintain stereotypic pacing in zoo animals.
• Behavioral interventions targeting reinforcement schedules can effectively reduce pacing duration.
• Further research into the ontogeny and motivation of pacing behaviors in captive carnivores is warranted.