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Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

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Staring Spells: An Age-based Approach Toward Differential Diagnosis.

Ajay Goenka^1,2, Irma Reyes¹, Laura D Fonseca¹

¹Department of Neurology, 2828Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA.

Journal of Child Neurology

|November 14, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Most pediatric staring spells are not epilepsy. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal behavior are common diagnoses, guiding age-based clinical evaluation for staring spells.

Keywords:

age-based nonepileptic diagnoses staring spells

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Neurology
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Staring spells in children can lead to extensive, costly evaluations to rule out epilepsy.
Developing age-based clinical guidance can optimize diagnostic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify common causes of staring spells in pediatric patients across different age groups.
To propose an age-based clinical approach for evaluating staring spells.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart analysis of 1142 pediatric patients (0.0-17.9 years) with staring spells.
Patients were stratified into three age groups: 0.0-2.9, 3.0-12.9, and 13.0-17.9 years.
Clinical variables were analyzed using multilevel likelihood ratios and ROC curves.

Main Results:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was the most frequent diagnosis (35%), followed by normal behavior (33%).
Epilepsy diagnoses (generalized and focal) accounted for 8% and 4% of cases, respectively.
In younger children (0.0-2.9 years), normal behavior was most common (72%); in older groups (3.0-17.9 years), ADHD predominated (46%-60%).

Conclusions:

ADHD and normal behavior are the most common diagnoses for pediatric staring spells.
Age-specific clinical guidance, informed by likelihood ratios, can improve differentiation between epileptic and nonepileptic staring spells.
This approach may reduce unnecessary diagnostic evaluations.