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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Mouse Models of Cancer Study

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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
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OncoLoop: A Network-Based Precision Cancer Medicine Framework.

Alessandro Vasciaveo1, Juan Martín Arriaga2, Francisca Nunes de Almeida2

  • 1Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.

Cancer Discovery
|November 14, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

OncoLoop is a precision medicine framework that predicts patient-specific drug sensitivity using cognate models. This approach successfully identified and validated effective cancer treatments, enhancing existing therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cancer research
  • Precision medicine
  • Translational oncology

Background:

  • Prioritizing cancer treatments for individual patients is challenging.
  • Real-time coclinical studies with patient-derived models are often unfeasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce OncoLoop, a precision medicine framework to predict drug sensitivity in human tumors and their cognate models.
  • Validate the framework's efficacy in prostate cancer using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM).

Main Methods:

  • Leveraged drug perturbation profiles to predict drug sensitivity.
  • Applied Master Regulator (MR) conservation analysis to human prostate cancer cohorts and GEMM-derived tumors (GEMM-DT).
  • Validated predicted drugs in various preclinical tumor models (allograft, syngeneic, PDX) and assessed combination therapy efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Most advanced prostate cancer patients were represented by at least one cognate GEMM-DT.
  • Drugs predicted to invert MR activity showed successful validation in preclinical models.
  • OncoLoop-predicted drugs enhanced the efficacy of nivolumab (PD-1 inhibitor) and enzalutamide (AR inhibitor).

Conclusions:

  • OncoLoop is a transcriptomic-based framework for rapid-turnaround coclinical studies to identify and validate patient-specific drugs.
  • The framework can be adapted for clinical practice and applied to various cancer types with available models and drug perturbation data.