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Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9
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PCSK9 Base Editing Therapeutics and Ischemic Stroke.

Josephin Wagner1, Andrew S Bell1, Falk W Lohoff1

  • 1Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1540, United States.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience
|November 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Genetic gain-of-function variations in the PCSK9 gene increase cardiovascular disease risk. Novel genomic technologies like CRISPR and adenine base editing offer promising new therapeutic approaches for PCSK9-related conditions.

Keywords:
Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9)adenine base editorscardiovascular disease (CVD)cholesterolclustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)gene editinggeneticsischemic strokelow-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)

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Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gain-of-function variations in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene are linked to elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including ischemic stroke.
  • Current PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) effectively reduce CVD and ischemic stroke risk, but novel therapeutic strategies are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss ongoing research in PCSK9 base editing.
  • To highlight future directions for PCSK9 base editing in cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on PCSK9 base editing technologies.
  • Discussion of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 complex-mediated delivery and adenine base editing (ABE) for PCSK9 gene modification.

Main Results:

  • Ongoing work demonstrates the potential of base editing for PCSK9 modulation.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 and ABE present promising avenues for therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions:

  • PCSK9 base editing represents a novel and promising frontier in managing cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke.
  • Further research into PCSK9 base editing is crucial for developing advanced preventative and therapeutic strategies.