Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

1.4K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.4K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

3.7K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.7K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.4K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.4K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

5.2K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.2K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

13.7K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
13.7K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

3.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association of Variability of Monthly Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Derived Metrics With Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026
Same author

Association between hypertension and incidence of cardiovascular disease events in young adults with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·2026
Same author

Dietary Intake of Processed Meats with Fermented Foods: Effects on Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Hematological Parameters, and Gut Microbiota of Adult and Elderly Mouse Models.

Food science of animal resources·2026
Same author

Ablation for Aldosterone-Producing versus Cortisol-Producing Adrenal Adenomas: A Comprehensive Review.

Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR·2026
Same author

Steatotic Liver Disease Subtypes and Advanced Fibrosis as Independent Predictors of Ischemic Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)·2026
Same author

High-Amplitude and Prolonged Glucose Excursions as a Key Determinant of Discordance Between Glucose Management Indicator and Glycated Hemoglobin in Type 1 Diabetes.

Diabetes care·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination
12:33

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Published on: June 25, 2014

65.4K

ROCK1 regulates insulin secretion from β-cells.

Byung-Jun Sung1, Sung-Bin Lim1, Won-Mo Yang2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Molecular Metabolism
|November 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

ROCK1 in pancreatic beta cells is crucial for regulating insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Its deficiency impairs glucose tolerance by disrupting pyruvate kinase signaling, impacting insulin release.

Keywords:
Beta cellsDiabetesHyperglycemiaInsulin secretionPyruvate kinaseROCK1

More Related Videos

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

10.4K
Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate
05:58

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate

Published on: June 25, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination
12:33

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Published on: June 25, 2014

65.4K
Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

10.4K
Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate
05:58

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate

Published on: June 25, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Pancreatic beta cells are vital for glucose homeostasis, but intracellular regulators of their function are not fully understood.
  • Dysregulation of beta cell function is a hallmark of all diabetes types.
  • ROCK1's role in beta cell function and glucose metabolism requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological role of ROCK1 in regulating insulin secretion.
  • To determine the impact of ROCK1 deficiency in beta cells on glucose homeostasis.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which ROCK1 modulates beta cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Generated mice with ROCK1 specifically deleted in pancreatic beta cells (β-ROCK1-/-).
  • Assessed glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in these mice.
  • Evaluated insulin secretion, intracellular calcium, ATP levels, and oxygen consumption in isolated islets and beta cell lines with ROCK1 deficiency or knockdown. Investigated ROCK1-pyruvate kinase (PK) interaction using proximity ligation assay.

Main Results:

  • β-ROCK1-/- mice exhibited hyperglycemia, reduced serum insulin, impaired glucose tolerance, and diminished GSIS.
  • ROCK1 deficiency in islets and beta cell lines led to decreased insulin secretion, intracellular calcium, ATP levels, and oxygen consumption.
  • Pyruvate or PK activator treatment rescued GSIS in ROCK1-deficient beta cells, and ROCK1 was found to bind PK upon glucose stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Beta-cell ROCK1 is essential for effective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis.
  • ROCK1 functions as a key upstream regulator of glycolytic pyruvate kinase signaling in beta cells.
  • Targeting ROCK1 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes treatment.