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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
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Detecting high emitting vehicle subsets using emission remote sensing systems.

Omid Ghaffarpasand1, Karl Ropkins2, David C S Beddows1

  • 1School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

The Science of the Total Environment
|November 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A small group of high-polluting vehicles significantly impacts air quality. Targeting these vehicles, identified using a novel Pareto analysis method, can improve emissions, especially for nitrogen oxides (NO) and particulate matter (PM).

Keywords:
Air pollutionEDARHigh emitter vehiclesParetoRemote sensingVehicle emissions

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Transportation Engineering
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Vehicle emissions are a major source of air pollution.
  • Identifying high-polluting vehicles is crucial for effective air quality management.
  • Existing methods may not efficiently pinpoint the most significant emission contributors within a fleet.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and assess the contribution of high-emitter vehicle subsets to total fleet emissions.
  • To introduce a novel method for identifying high-emitter vehicles using enrichment factor in cumulative Pareto analysis.
  • To analyze emission trends across different vehicle types and pollutants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large dataset of over 94,000 remote-sensing measurements from UK EDAR (emission detecting and reporting system) field campaigns (2016-17).
  • Applied a new approach based on enrichment factor in cumulative Pareto analysis to detect high-emitter vehicle subsets.
  • Analyzed emission contributions based on vehicle type (petrol vs. diesel) and pollutant (e.g., NO, PM).

Main Results:

  • Identified specific high-emitter subsets: 23% of petrol cars and 51% of diesel cars contributed to 80% of NO emissions.
  • Emission contributions generally decreased with improved EURO emission standards, leading to more homogenous fleet emissions.
  • High-emitter contributions were more pronounced for particulate matter (PM) than gaseous pollutants and more significant in petrol cars compared to diesel cars.

Conclusions:

  • A small fraction of vehicles disproportionately contributes to air pollution.
  • The proposed Pareto analysis method effectively identifies high-emitter vehicle subsets.
  • Targeting these identified high emitters offers a viable strategy for improving air quality, with variations observed across pollutants and vehicle types.