The optimal concentration of silver nanoparticles in sterilizing fish skin grafts

Collagen integrity should be considered on using a sterilizing agent for fish skin grafts. This study defined the optimal concentration of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for sterilization of fish skin grafts without disrupting collagen content based on microbiological and histological evaluation. Strips of tilapia skin (n = 5) were randomly allocated to be immersed in Ag NPs solution at different concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL, respectively, for 5 min. The treated skin strips underwent bacteriological and histological evaluation. Yeast and fungi were more sensitive to Ag NPs than bacteria. On increasing the nanoparticles concentration, the total counts of aerobic bacteria decrease giving 933.3 ± 28.67, 601 ± 27.66, 288 ± 16.8, 15 ± 4.08 (CFU/cm² ± S.D) at 25, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL, respectively, comparing with untreated sample (1453.3 ± 57.92). Yeasts and filamentous fungi also exhibited a similar response, achieving a complete inhibition at 100 and 250 µg/mL. Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were the dominant aerobic bacteria, Candida albicans and Rhodotorula glutinis were the dominant aerobic yeasts, whereas Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Rhizopus stolonifer were the dominant aerobic fungi. The collagen fibers were loose with a wavey pattern at 25 µg/mL, wavey and slightly disorganized at 50 µg/mL, highly disorganized at 100 µg/mL, and compactly arranged and slightly loose at 250 µg/mL. Ag NPs at a concentration of 250 µg/mL could be considered a reliable and feasible method for the sterilization of fish skin grafts before application on human skin with an effective antimicrobial effect and less disrupting impact on collagen content.