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Updated: Aug 21, 2025
Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
Published on: January 21, 2020
Periodontitis and risk of immune-mediated systemic conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Harriet Larvin1, Jing Kang2, Vishal R Aggarwal1
1School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Introduction:
The aim of this review is to examine and quantify the long-term risk of immune-mediated systemic conditions in people with periodontitis compared to people without periodontitis.
Methods:
Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 2022 using keywords and MeSH headings. The 'Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions' tool was used to assess bias. Cohort studies comparing incident metabolic/autoimmune/inflammatory diseases in periodontitis to healthy controls were included. Meta-analysis and meta-regression quantified risks and showed impact of periodontitis diagnosis type and severity.
Results:
The search retrieved 3354 studies; 166 studies were eligible for full-text screening, and 30 studies were included for review. Twenty-seven studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The risks of diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis were increased in people with periodontitis compared to without periodontitis (diabetes-relative risk [RR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13-1.33; RA-RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.52; osteoporosis-RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12-1.75). Risk of diabetes showed gradient increase by periodontitis severity (moderate-RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.11-1.31; severe-RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.10-1.63).
Conclusion:
People with moderate-to-severe cases of periodontitis have the highest risk of developing diabetes, while the effect of periodontal severity on risk of other immune-mediated systemic conditions requires further investigation. More homologous evidence is required to form robust conclusions regarding periodontitis-multimorbidity associations.
