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Related Concept Videos

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic flux depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field, the area through which the field lines pass, and the field's orientation with respect to the surface area. If any of these quantities vary, a corresponding variation in magnetic flux occurs. If the area through which the magnetic field lines are passing changes, then the magnetic flux also changes. This change in the area can be of two types: the flux through the rectangular loop increases as it moves into the...
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The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
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A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
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Releasing chemical energy in spatiallyprogrammed ferroelectrics.

Yong Hu1, Jennifer L Gottfried2, Rose Pesce-Rodriguez2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.

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|November 15, 2022
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New molecular ferroelectrics offer controlled energy release. Machine learning and additive manufacturing create aligned porous structures with tunable detonation velocities for advanced energetic materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chemical energy ferroelectrics are macromolecules with spontaneous polarization and chemical bonding energy.
  • Existing materials have limited control over energy release rates and low thermal decomposition energy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel energetic ferroelectric materials with improved control over energy release.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional chemical energy ferroelectrics.

Main Methods:

  • Machine learning-directed additive manufacturing.
  • Ice-templating assembly for creating aligned porous architectures.
  • Polarization state switching to tune material properties.

Main Results:

  • Developed aligned porous ferroelectric material with low density (0.35 g cm⁻³).
  • Achieved polarization-controlled energy release and anisotropic thermal conductivity (ratio of 15).
  • Observed high exothermic enthalpy of reaction (6180 kJ kg⁻¹) due to chlorine radical reactions.
  • Tuned detonation velocity from 6.69 ± 0.21 to 7.79 ± 0.25 km s⁻¹ by switching polarization.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated molecular ferroelectric and energetic material synthesized via advanced manufacturing techniques.
  • Demonstrated polarization-controlled energy release and tunable detonation velocity.
  • Provides a pathway for spatially programmed energetic ferroelectrics with controlled energy release rates.