Updated: Aug 21, 2025

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach
Published on: March 5, 2022
Giulia Molinari1,2, Ignacio Javier Fernandez1,2, Claudio Melchiorri3
1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, Bologna, Italy.
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Endoscopic stapes surgery (ESS) using either CO2 fiber laser or microdrill shows similar hearing outcomes and complication rates. Both techniques are safe and effective for treating otosclerosis.
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