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Updated: Aug 21, 2025

Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles
Published on: December 22, 2023
CIRSE Standards of Practice on Varicocele Embolisation
Anna Maria Ierardi1, Pierpaolo Biondetti2, Dimitrios Tsetis3
1Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. amierardi@yahoo.it.
Percutaneous embolisation is a minimally invasive treatment for varicoceles, offering excellent outcomes. This document outlines best practices and standards for safe varicocele embolisation procedures.
Area of Science:
- Interventional Radiology
- Urology
- Male Reproductive Health
Background:
- Percutaneous embolisation is a minimally invasive technique for treating various lesions, including varicoceles since the 1970s.
- Current techniques and tools have significantly improved outcomes for varicocele embolisation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define standards for percutaneous varicocele embolisation modalities.
- To outline advantages and limitations of different embolisation techniques.
- To recommend best practices for the performance of percutaneous varicocele embolisation.
Main Methods:
- A writing group of five experts in male varicocele embolisation was formed.
- Literature review of varicocele embolisation from 2006-2021 using PubMed.
- Recommendations formulated through expert consensus.
Main Results:
- Embolisation is an established and successful treatment for male varicoceles.
- The document provides current recommendations for safe varicocele embolisation.
Conclusions:
- Percutaneous embolisation is a key treatment for male varicoceles.
- This document offers updated guidance for safe and effective varicocele embolisation.
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