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Modified Wavelet Analyses Permit Quantification of Dynamic Interactions Between Ultradian and Circadian Rhythms.

Jonathan P Riggle1,2, Leslie M Kay1,3,4, Kenneth G Onishi1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Journal of Biological Rhythms
|November 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces new wavelet analysis methods to accurately measure ultradian rhythms, revealing their complex modulation by sex, hormones, and circadian phase in mice.

Keywords:
circadian rhythmsgonadal hormoneslocomotor activityphotoperiodsex differencesultradian rhythms

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Signal Processing
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Ultradian rhythms, biological cycles shorter than 24 hours, are ubiquitous but challenging to quantify due to their complex properties.
  • Existing methods for analyzing ultradian rhythms are often idiographic, limiting group-level comparisons and experimental analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate novel wavelet-based analytical approaches for precise and accurate quantification of ultradian rhythms.
  • To enable group-level analyses of ultradian rhythms, facilitating the study of their modulation by various factors.

Main Methods:

  • Application of discrete and continuous wavelet transforms for quantifying ultradian power distribution and identifying periods.
  • Aggregation of normalized wavelet matrices for group-level analyses.
  • Validation using in silico and in vivo models, including locomotor activity in mice.

Main Results:

  • The novel wavelet methods accurately and precisely quantified ultradian period and power in mouse locomotor activity.
  • Ultradian rhythms were modulated by sex, gonadal hormones, and circadian entrainment, with sex differences more pronounced at night.
  • Seasonal changes in day length influenced ultradian rhythms, with opposing effects in light and dark phases.

Conclusions:

  • Modified wavelet procedures provide accurate, repeatable, and group-analyzable measures of ultradian rhythms.
  • These tools enhance the understanding of ultradian rhythm generation and responses to internal and external cues.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering circadian phase when studying ultradian rhythms.