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S Hamich1, A Sqalli Houssaini1, M Meziane1

  • 1Service de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, CHU Ibn Sina, Université Mohamed V, 10100 Rabat, Maroc.

Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters
|November 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Lyell syndrome (LS) are severe drug reactions. This study details 30 cases, highlighting common causes, frequent visceral involvement, and a 17% mortality rate, emphasizing prognostic factors.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Clinical Medicine

Context:

  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Lyell syndrome (LS) are severe, life-threatening cutaneous adverse drug reactions.
  • These conditions require careful epidemiological, etiological, clinical, and therapeutic evaluation.
  • Hospitalized patients with these reactions present unique management challenges.

Purpose:

  • To describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary data of patients hospitalized with SJS and LS.
  • To identify key factors influencing patient outcomes and mortality.
  • To analyze the role of medications, including self-medication, in the development of these severe drug reactions.

Summary:

  • A retrospective study analyzed 30 patients hospitalized for SJS and LS over 10 years, noting a male predominance.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The average time to onset was 7.5 days, with 48% average skin detachment and frequent visceral involvement (pulmonary, renal, hepatic, hematological).
  • Medication was implicated in all cases, with anticonvulsants for prophylaxis being a common cause. Symptomatic treatment was standard, with corticosteroids used sparingly. The mortality rate was 17%, with skin area, renal failure, and respiratory distress identified as significant prognostic factors.

    • Impact:

    • Provides crucial data on the incidence, causes, and clinical course of SJS and LS in a hospitalized population.
    • Identifies critical prognostic indicators for patient outcomes, aiding in risk stratification and management.
    • Informs clinical practice regarding drug reaction monitoring, particularly concerning anticonvulsants and self-medication, and emphasizes the need for prompt recognition and intervention.